Stroke

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. The main goals are to restore movement, improve function, and help the patient regain independence. Treatment is individualised, depending on the severity and type of stroke, but typically includes the following key components:

1. Initial Assessment

  • Evaluate motor function, balance, coordination, muscle tone and mobility.

  • Assess sensory deficits, joint range of motion and postural alignment.

  • Identify goals based on the patient’s condition and personal needs

  • Task-Specific Training: Practicing everyday activities like walking, reaching, or standing up.

  • Repetitive Task Practice: Helps rebuild neural connections through neuroplasticity.

  • Strengthening Exercises: For weakened muscles, especially in the limbs and trunk.

3. Balance & Coordination Training

  • Static and dynamic balance exercises.

4. Gait Training

  •  Functional walking training with or without assistive devices like canes or walkers.

5. Spasticity Management

  • Stretching and positioning: To reduce muscle stiffness.

  • Splints or orthotics: To maintain proper limb alignment.

  • Modalities: Such as electrical stimulation.

6. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)

  • Used to stimulate specific muscles to improve movement or reduce spasticity.

7. Education and Home Exercise Program

  • Training for caregivers.

  • Customised home-based exercises to continue progress.

Goals of Physiotherapy Post-Stroke

  • Improve strength, coordination and balance.

  • Promote independence in daily activities.

  • Prevent complications like joint stiffness, pressure sores and falls.

  • Enhance quality of life.